The Universal Mind
The Evolution of Machine Intelligence
and Human Psychology
By
Xiphias Press
San Diego, CA
Copyright 2013
Table of Contents
Introduction to The Universal Mind
The Philosophers:
The Phenomenology of Spirit
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Collective Consciousness
Émile Durkheim
Zeitgeist
Johann Gottfried Herder
The Futurists:
Technological Singularity
Vernor Vinge
Ray Kurzweil
Artificial Intelligence
Superintelligence
Collective Intelligence
Business Intelligence
Information Design
Data Visualization
The Mathematicians:
Conway's Game of Life
John Horton Conway
Turing Machine
Turing Test
John von Neumann
Cellular Automaton
Bifurcation Theory
Interference and Wave Propagation
Analytical Psychology:
Collective Unconscious
Archetype
Jungian Archetypes
Red Book
Cognitive Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology
Gestalt Psychology
Death in Venice
The Spiritual Gurus:
Albert Einstein
Salvador DalĂ
Aleister Crowley
John Whiteside Parsons
Aldous Huxley
Alan Watts
Terence McKenna
Robert Anton Wilson
Ingo Swann
The Holy Mountain
Tarot of Marseilles
The Matrix:
I Ching
Dual-coding Theory
Phonology
Anthropological Linguistics
Noosphere
Integral Theory
Swarm Intelligence
Human-based computation
Transhumanism
Machine Learning
Whole Genome Sequencing
Selected Bibliography:
Appendix:
Timeline of Evolutionary History of
Life
Timeline of Human Evolution
List of Machine Learning Algorithms
Introduction to the Universal Mind
The Universal Mind is a
general term for the universal higher consciousness or source of being in some
forms of esoteric or New Age thought and spiritual philosophy. It may be
considered synonymous with the Collective Consciousness or it may be referred
to in the context of the Anima mundi or world soul, usually with religious or
spiritual themes. The word originally derived from the philosopher Hegel. The
term Universal mind may be defined as the non-local and a-temporal, creative
visualization of all aggregates, components, knowledge, relationships,
personalities, entities, technologies, processes and cycles of the Universe.
The Nature of the Universal Mind is,
Omniscient, All Knowing,
Omnipotent, All Powerful,
Omnificent, All Creative,
Omnipresent, Always Present.
It's also the human nature.
It's believed that one has access to all knowledge, known and unknown. Through
the Universal Mind, people have access to an infinite power; one then is able
to tap into the limitless creativity of the One. All these attributes are
present within one at all times in their potential form. The notion of
universal mind came into the Western world through the Pre-Socratic philosopher
Anaxagoras, who arrived in Athens after 480 BC. He became the teacher of
Pericles, who supported and defended Anaxagoras from the religious
conservatives. He was known as Nous or Mind, because he taught that "all
things" were created by Mind and that Mind held the cosmos together and
gave to human beings a connection to the cosmos, or a pathway to the divine.
In The Phenomenology of
Spirit, Hegel takes the readers through the evolution of consciousness. In the
work, the mind experiences different stages of consciousness. It begins with
the lower levels of consciousness and moves through to the higher levels of
consciousness. The Phenomenology is where Hegel develops his concepts of
dialectic, including the Master-slave dialectic, absolute idealism, ethical
life, and Aufhebung. The book had a profound effect in Western philosophy, and
"has been praised and blamed for the development of existentialism,
communism, fascism, death of God theology, and historicist nihilism."
Hegel wrote the book under
close time constraints with little chance for revision. Hegel may have changed
his conception of the project over the course of the writing. Secondly, the
book abounds with both highly technical argument in philosophical language, and
concrete examples, either imaginary or historical, of developments by people
through different states of consciousness. The relationship between these is
disputed: whether Hegel meant to prove claims about the development of world
history, or simply used it for illustration; whether or not the more
conventionally philosophical passages are meant to address specific historical
and philosophical positions; and so forth.
The French philosopher,
Jean Hyppolite (1907 - 1968), interpreted the work as a bildungsroman that
follows the progression of its protagonist, Spirit, through the history of
consciousness, a characterization that remains prevalent among literary
theorists. However, others contest this literary interpretation and instead
read the work as a "self-conscious reflective account" that a society
must give of itself in order to understand itself and therefore become
reflective. Martin Heidegger saw it as the foundation of a larger "System
of Science" that Hegel sought to develop, while Alexandre Kojève saw it as
akin to a "Platonic Dialogue ... between the great Systems of
history." It has also been called "a philosophical rollercoaster ...
with no more rhyme or reason for any particular transition than that it struck
Hegel that such a transition might be fun or illuminating."
Hegel's approach, referred
to as the Hegelian method, consists of actually examining consciousness'
experience of both itself and of its objects and eliciting the contradictions
and dynamic movement that come to light in looking at this experience. Hegel
uses the phrase "pure looking at" (reines Zusehen) to describe this
method. If consciousness just pays attention to what is actually present in
itself and its relation to its objects, it will see that what looks like stable
and fixed forms dissolve into a dialectical movement. Thus philosophy,
according to Hegel, cannot just set out arguments based on a flow of deductive
reasoning. Rather, it must look at actual consciousness, as it really exists.
Hegel also argues strongly
against the epistemological emphasis of modern philosophy from Descartes
through Kant, which he describes as having to first establish the nature and
criteria of knowledge prior to actually knowing anything, because this would
imply an infinite regress, a foundationalism that Hegel maintains is
self-contradictory and impossible. Rather, he maintains, we must examine actual
knowing as it occurs in real knowledge processes. This is why Hegel uses the
term "phenomenology".
"Phenomenology"
comes from the Greek word for "to appear", and the phenomenology of
mind is thus the study of how consciousness or mind appears to itself. In
Hegel's dynamic system, it is the study of the successive appearances of the
mind to itself, because on examination each one dissolves into a later, more
comprehensive and integrated form or structure of mind.
In the Introduction, Hegel
addresses the seeming paradox that we cannot evaluate our faculty of knowledge
in terms of its ability to know the Absolute without first having a criterion
for what the Absolute is, one that is superior to our knowledge of the
Absolute. Yet, we could only have such a criterion if we already had the
improved knowledge that we seek.
To resolve this paradox,
Hegel adopts a method whereby the knowing that is characteristic of a
particular stage of consciousness is evaluated using the criterion presupposed
by consciousness itself. At each stage, consciousness knows something, and at
the same time distinguishes the object of that knowledge as different from what
it knows. Hegel and his readers will simply "look on" while
consciousness compares its actual knowledge of the object, what the object is
"for consciousness" with its criterion for what the object must be
"in itself". One would expect that, when consciousness finds that its
knowledge does not agree with its object, consciousness would adjust its knowledge
to conform to its object. However, in a characteristic reversal, Hegel explains
that under his method, the opposite occurs.
As just noted,
consciousness' criterion for what the object should be is not supplied
externally, rather it is supplied by consciousness itself. Therefore, like its
knowledge, the "object" that consciousness distinguishes from its
knowledge is really just the object "for consciousness", it is the
object as envisioned by that stage of consciousness. Thus, in attempting to
resolve the discord between knowledge and object, consciousness inevitably
alters the object as well. In fact, the new "object" for
consciousness is developed from consciousness' inadequate knowledge of the
previous "object." Thus, what consciousness really does is to modify
its "object" to conform to its knowledge. Then the cycle begins anew
as consciousness attempts to examine what it knows about this new
"object".
The reason for this
reversal is that, for Hegel, the separation between consciousness and its object
is no more real than consciousness' inadequate knowledge of that object. The
knowledge is inadequate only because of that separation. At the end of the
process, when the object has been fully "spiritualized" by successive
cycles of consciousness' experience, consciousness will fully know the object
and at the same time fully recognize that the object is none other than itself.
At each stage of development, Hegel, adds, "we", Hegel and his
readers, see this development of the new object out of the knowledge of the
previous one, but the consciousness that we are observing does not. As far as
it is concerned, it experiences the dissolution of its knowledge in a mass of
contradictions, and the emergence of a new object for knowledge, without
understanding how that new object has been created.
Consciousness is divided
into three chapters: "Sense-Certainty", "Perception", and
"Force and the Understanding." Self-Consciousness contains a
preliminary discussion of Life and Desire, followed by two subsections: "Independent
and Dependent Self-Consciousness: Lordship and Bondage" and "Freedom
of Self-Consciousness: Stoicism, Skepticism, and the Unhappy
Consciousness." Notable is the presence of the discussion of the dialectic
of the lord and bondsman. Reason is divided into three chapters:
"Observing Reason," "Actualization of Self-Consciousness,"
and "Individuality Real In and For Itself." Spirit is divided into
three chapters: "The Ethical Order," "Culture," and "Morality."
Religion is divided into three chapters: "Natural Religion,"
"Religion in the Form of Art," and "The Revealed Religion."
This hypothesized process
of intelligent self-modification might occur very quickly, and might not stop
until the agent's cognitive abilities greatly surpass that of any human. The
term "intelligence explosion" is therefore sometimes used to refer to
this scenario. The term was coined by science fiction writer Vernor Vinge, who
argues that artificial intelligence, human biological enhancement or
brain-computer interfaces could be possible causes of the singularity. The
concept is popularized by futurists like Ray Kurzweil and it is expected by
proponents to occur sometime in the 21st century, although estimates do vary.
Kurzweil writes that, due to paradigm shifts, a trend of exponential growth
extends Moore's law from integrated circuits to earlier transistors, vacuum
tubes, relays, and electromechanical computers. He predicts that the
exponential growth will continue, and that in a few decades the computing power
of all computers will exceed that of human brains, with superhuman artificial
intelligence appearing around the same time.
Collective Intelligence is
a shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration and
competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making in
bacteria, animals, humans and computer networks. The term appears in
sociobiology, political science and in context of mass peer review and
crowdsourcing applications. This broader definition involves consensus, social
capital and formalisms such as voting systems, social media and other means of
quantifying mass activity. Everything from a political party to a public wiki
can reasonably be described as this loose form of collective intelligence. It
can then be understood as an emergent property between people and ways of
processing information. This notion of collective intelligence is referred to
as Symbiotic intelligence by Norman Lee Johnson. The concept is used in
sociology, business, computer science and mass communications: it also appears
in science fiction. A precursor of the concept is found in entomologist’s
observation that independent individuals can cooperate so closely as to become
indistinguishable from a single organism.
The next biophysical level
of information is that of the ecosystem of the entire planet, approximates the
holistic concept of "Gaia" developed by J. E. Lovelock. At this
level, species are but the units in a broader classification of herbivores,
predators, parasites, producers (plants), consumers (animals), scavengers and
detritivores (agents of decay), in aquatic and terrestrial habitats,
distributed over the surface of the world. The Gaian hypothesis is simply that
life modifies the physical environment of Earth on a global scale in ways that
are conducive to life's continuation as the Earth has been and continues to be
"terraformed" by life to create a more suitable and stable habitat
for itself.
The symbiosis between
plants and animals with atmospheric gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide,
and nitrogen are part of this interplay between the physical and biotic
environment, as are biogeochemical cycles involving the formation of petroleum,
gas, and coal deposits, Genetic diversity, heritability, and the competition
for limited resources, continues to generate new species over evolutionary time
which change the environment in new or more efficient methods, and each new
species is itself a new resource for some other species. Natural checks and
balances, such as the unpredictability of the environment, predators,
parasites, and disease organisms, ensure that no one species oversteps the
boundaries of a balanced system. in Asia, to the great benefits of that
continent and species, agriculture is seen as a symbiotic relationship is
greatly favored over hunting and gathering as a method of obtaining food.
Humans have begun to have
possibly profound and destructive effects at the global level, due to their
worldwide distribution, population growth, agricultural and industrial
pollution, consumption of natural resources, and so on. Global warming, the
ozone hole, acid rain, erosion, overgrazing, overfishing, the extinction of
species and the destruction of forests, wetlands, coral reefs and other
ecosystems, are effects of global significance that are already at dangerous
levels. But humans also have a unique and constructive role to play among the
diverse evolutionary productions of the world. The glacial cycles of the recent
geologic history of Earth show that extreme climatic shifts can occur even
within the context of a fully formed type of internal buffer or negative
feedback that causes the glaciers to retreat more rapidly than they advanced.
We would have to suspect that these glacial cycles also have both a natural and
a physical cause.
In the the Gaia hypothesis
the role of humanity and the planet Earth, overflowing with life but isolated
in the vastness of space, is a magnificent experiment in the building of
information systems of incredible diversity and complexity, all doomed with the
inevitable exhaustion of our Sun. Gaia has in the biological role of humanity
has already planned her escape from the dying Sun, or catastrophic asteroid
impact. Man the space traveler will carry life throughout the galaxy in every
direction as far as he can reach, spreading like bacteria upon a plate until we
encounter occupied ground and the counter-thrust of a similarly spreading alien
life form. Gaia is in her reproductive phase, and we are her seeds, pawns of
her reproductive purposes. She has created us as dispersal agents for herself.
The vision of Noah's ark is a vision of the future, not only the past.
Throughout all of human
evolution, every endeavor of mankind and the total abundance of solar
resources, which Gaia has stored over the eons for our use, accomplishes her
great reproductive goal. Like every other life form in the universe, Gaia has
her season of flowering. But we see where the information pathway leads, and
our art in the form of science fiction, is already at the stage of galactic
exploration and interaction with alien species, who are developing as much
suitable territory for their planet's life form as possible. We can only hope
these future interactions will be symbiotic. Hence intelligent life is a way
for planets to interact across the vastness of space, just as atomic nuclei
interact at great relative distances through the electron shell, and cells
communicate with each other through the vascular systems of organisms, which in
turn communicate externally through the signals and sounds of specialized
transmitting and receiving perceptual systems.
It is certainly possible
that Earth will be significantly weakened by her reproductive effort; that
humans will be forced off the planet to escape their own competitive instincts,
pollution, and overpopulation. In this case the expulsion from the Garden of
Eden, like the story of Noah's Ark, will also come to be seen as a vision of
the future rather than the past. In a purely biological sense, and from an
empirically objective perspective, we have found the answer to the great
question of human existence, why are we here, who are we, and what should we
do? According to the Gaia hypothesis we exist to create space craft to colonize
the galaxy with her all her life forms. That is the ultimate result of Gaia
creating humanity as seeds upon the Earth.
Just as atoms have found a
way to communicate with each other through the extension of their nuclear
information and order into the far-flung electron shell and the infinite range
of electromagnetic forces, so planets are finding a way to communicate with
each other through the extensions they produce in intelligent life forms, and
the infinite range of their communications and curiosity. We can only suppose
that this process in the very far future will encompass entire galaxies,
perhaps even the entire Universe. This is simply the physical expression of the
spiritual universal communication, interaction, and community. All this was
foreseen by Teilhard de Chardin in his book "The Phenomenon of Man",
in which he refers to the collective information systems of planet Earth as the
"Noosphere", and the goal of universal evolutionary convergence the
"Omega Point". Omega Point is a term coined by the French Jesuit
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881–1955) to describe a maximum level of
complexity and consciousness towards which he believed the universe was
evolving.
In this theory, developed
by Teilhard in The Future of Man (1950), the universe is constantly developing
towards higher levels of material complexity and consciousness, a theory of
evolution that Teilhard called the Law of Complexity and Consciousness. For
Teilhard, the universe can only move in the direction of more complexity and
consciousness if it is being drawn by a supreme point of complexity and
consciousness. Teilhard postulates the Omega Point as this supreme point of
complexity and consciousness, which in his view is the actual cause for the
universe to grow in complexity and consciousness. In other words, the Omega
Point exists as supremely complex and conscious, transcendent and independent
of the evolving universe.
The Information Pathway or
Neural Pathway, is of considerable interest as to how far up this
"Information Ladder" of human science, art, and philosophy we have
climbed. Humans have physically explored the "Microphysical" and
"Biophysical", from particle physics to planet Earth. We are now
exploring the first level of the astrophysical realm, with Earth orbiting
satellites, and robotic missions to various planets of our Solar System, , the
natural laws which underlie the manifest Universe (rational mode). In the
intuitive mode, we find religious and mythological notions of Divine Law, or
Plato's philosophic notions of the Eternal Verities and Ideal Forms which lie
beyond, but are responsible for, the manifest Universe; we also find occult
notions of cosmic order.
Whereas the
"Gaian" state is the level of a biotic realm, the abiotic or
gravitational planetary state is the first cell of investigations,
observations, and theories both upward and downward to the extreme limits of
the "Information Ladder" suggests that we will continue the upward
physical climb to Chardin's "Omega Point", a universal state of
self-knowledge and unity. The "Information Ladder" follows the
Biblical story of "Jacob's ladder", extending from Earth into the
Heavenly realms (Genesis 28:12). In the "Tetrahedron Model",
information is seen as an intentional, purposeful by-product of symmetry
conservation, providing the means whereby the Cosmos achieves self-awareness
and further explores and evolves its creative energy and potentiality.
The information content of
the Universe in total is zero. Information requires an asymmetry to exist.
Perfect symmetries cancel each other as the prototypical example is the
particle-antiparticle pair which self-annihilates. Due to genetics, genes, the
conservation of heritable units of molecular information (DNA) from one
generation to the next, and the mechanism of Natural Selection, biological
systems have become a conservation domain of information, a molecular analog of
the abiotic conservation domain of historical space-time in the
"matrix". Human abstract information systems simply continue and
extend this natural biological accumulation of information, through memory,
language, writing, books, computers, institutions, social networks and so on.
Life, humanity, and history
are all conservation domains of information. Space-time itself is the ultimate
storehouse and repository of historical information. The ancients referred to
this aspect of space-time as the "Akashic Record", and believed
certain people had occasional access to it. Science has similarly taught us
that we are looking into history as we look outward into space and backward
into time. A human individual contains an enormous amount of information in the
trillions of cells, DNA, biochemical systems, and interconnections of the
nervous system. In terms of physical size, we are puny and insignificant; but
in terms of information content, we are astronomical in magnitude, both as individuals
and as a species. It is on the information scale that the significance of
humans must be measured and compared to the other major players of the Cosmos.
A "Fractal" is a
rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be split into parts, each of which
is a reduced-size copy of the whole, a property called self-similarity. The
origins of fractals can be traced back to geometric functions by Karl
Weierstrass, Georg Cantor and Felix Hausdorff in studying functions that were
continuous but not differentiable. The term ''fractal'' was coined by Benoit
Mandelbrot in 1975 and was derived from the Latin ''fractus'' meaning
"broken" or "fractured." A mathematical fractal is based on
an equation that undergoes iteration, a form of feedback based on recursion.
Fractals can be
demonstrated in observational cosmology. The first attempt to model the
distribution of galaxies with a fractal pattern was made by Luciano Pietronero
and his team in 1987, and a more detailed view of the universe’s large-scale
structure emerged over the following decade, as the number of cataloged
galaxies grew larger. Pietronero argues that the universe shows a definite
fractal aspect, over a fairly wide range of scale, with a fractal dimension of
about 2. The ultimate significance of this result is not immediately apparent,
but it seems to indicate that both randomness and hierarchal structuring are at
work, on the scale of galaxy clusters and larger. Self-similar fractal shapes
have a property of "frequency invariance", the same electromagnetic
properties no matter what the frequency; from Maxwell's equations.
The mathematics behind fractals began to take shape in the
17th century when mathematician and
philosopher Gottfried Leibniz considered recursive self-similarity.
Approximate fractals are easily found in nature such as snow flakes and in
biology as sea shells and pine cones. These objects display self-similar
structure over an extended, but finite, scale range. Thus, examples include
clouds, snow flakes, crystals, mountain ranges, lightning, river deltas,
cauliflower or broccoli, neural networks, systems of blood and pulmonary
vessels, sea shells, pine cones, leaves of a fern, branches of a tree and
galaxies, can all be considered fractal in nature. In biology, fractal analysis
is used to model the binding and dissociation kinetics between analytes in
solution and estrogen receptors (ERs) immobilized on a sensor chip of a surface
plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. Fractals are represented in the immune B
cell repertoire.The immune repertoire is characterized by a complex and dynamic
organization. Well-defined immune reactivity patterns (RP) analyzed using a
linguistic analogy demonstrate that the B cell repertoires contain a fractal
structure.
“Recurrent fractal neural networks are a
strategy for the exchange of local and global information processing in the
brain.” - E. Bieberich
The regulation of
biological networks relies significantly on convergent feedback signaling loops
that render a global output locally accessible. The recurrent connectivity
within these systems are self-organized by a time-dependent phase-locking
mechanism. Recurrent fractal neural networks (RFNNs), utilize a self-similar or
fractal branching structure of dendrites and downstream networks use
phase-locking reciprocal feedback loops. An output from outer branch nodes of
the network tree enters inner branch nodes of the dendritic tree in single
neurons. This structural organization enables RFNNs to amplify re-entrant input
by over-the-threshold signal summation from feedback loops with equivalent
signal traveling times.
Bio-Systems are databases
that provide integrated access to biological systems and their component genes,
proteins, and small molecules, as well as models describing those biosystems
and other related data. Bio-Systems encourages experimental, computational, and
theoretical links in biology, evolutionary thinking, and the information
processing sciences. The link areas form a circle that encompasses the
fundamental nature of biological information processing, computational modeling
of complex biological systems, evolutionary models of computation, the
application of biological principles to the design of computing systems. This
can include the use of biomolecular materials to synthesize artificial systems
that recreate essential principles of natural biological information
processing.
The Mandelbrot set has its
place in complex dynamics, a field first investigated by the French
mathematicians Pierre Fatou and Gaston Julia at the beginning of the 20th
century. The first pictures of this fractal were drawn in 1978 by Robert W.
Brooks and Peter Matelski as part of a study of Kleinian groups. On 1 March
1980, at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center in upstate New York, Benoit
Mandelbrot first saw a visualization of the set. The Mandelbrot set is a
keystone in the study of the cosmos. It's cosmology requires all current
scientific knowledge in the natural sciences. Fractals unify laws and forces of
nature as one and simplify the complex world so we can understand the beauty of
it all. Fractal geometry opens a window to all the knowledge of the universe.
Microcosmic and macrocosmic worlds formed by cymatic waves unified by a single
event.
A modal phenomena of an
oscillating cymatic system is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the
system move with the same frequency and in phase. The frequencies of the normal
modes of a system are known as natural frequencies or resonant frequencies. A
physical object, such as an architectural structure, a transmitting antenna or
molecule, has a set of normal modes that depend on its structure, materials and
boundary conditions. When relating to music, normal modes of vibrating
instruments such as strings, pipe organs, or drums, produce what are known as
"harmonics" or "overtones".
The most general motion of
a system is a superposition of its normal modes. The modes are normal in the
sense that they can move independently, that is to say that an excitation of
one mode will never cause motion of a different mode. The concept of normal
modes also finds application in wave theory, optics, quantum mechanics, and
molecular dynamics Einstein showed that if time and space is measured using
electromagnetic phenomena (like light bouncing between mirrors) then due to the
constancy of the speed of light. Time and space become mathematically entangled
together in a certain way, called Minkowski space, which in turn results in
Lorentz transformation and in entanglement of all other important derivative
physical quantities (like energy, momentum, mass, force, etc.) in a certain
4-vectorial way. This relates to three dimensions of Euclidean space (D=1,2,3)
and the Fibonacci sequence of; 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …
etc. The golden ratio Ď• is also called the golden section or golden mean. Other
names include extreme and mean ratio, medial section, divine proportion, divine
section, golden proportion, and the mean of Phidias.
In mathematics and the
arts, two quantities are in the golden ratio if the ratio of the sum of the
quantities to the larger quantity is equal to the ratio of the larger quantity
to the smaller one. Phi can be expressed in uppercase Φ, lowercase φ, or as the
math symbol Ď•. The fractal curve is divided into parts 1/3 the length of the
original line and becomes 4 segments rearranged to repeat the original detail,
and this is the basis of its fractal dimension. In mathematics, two quantities
are in the golden ratio if the ratio of the sum of the quantities to the larger
quantity is equal to the ratio of the larger quantity to the smaller one with
an interval ratio of 1.618... which is Phi. Phi (Φ) and pi (Π) and Fibonacci
numbers can be related as the product of phi and pi. The Pi-Phi Product and its
derivation through limits can be demonstrated as” 1.618033988… X 3.141592654…,
or 5.083203692, and is found in golden geometries of the Golden Circle and the
Golden Ellipse. In geometry, a golden spiral is a logarithmic spiral whose
growth factor is φ, the golden ratio. A golden spiral gets wider or further from
its origin by a factor of φ for every quarter turn it makes.
The Mitotic (M) phase of
the cell cycle is defined as the division of the mother cell into two daughter
cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell. Mitosis is
the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell
nucleus into two identical sets, in two separate nuclei. It is a form of
karyokinesis, or nuclear division. It is generally followed immediately by
cytokinesis, which divides the nuclei, cytoplasm, organelles, and cell membrane
into two cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components.
Cell division follows a rate of growth as 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 … etc. For
example; Division 1 = 2 Cells, Division 2 = 4 Cells, Division 3 = 8 Cells,
Division 4 = 16 Cells, Division 5 = 32 Cells, Division 6 = 64 Cells, and so on,
ad infinitum. The primary result of mitosis is the transferring of the parent
cell's genome into two daughter cells. These two cells are identical and do not
differ in any way from the original parent cell. The genome is composed of a
number of chromosomes, complexes of tightly-coiled DNA that contain genetic
information vital for proper cell function. Because each resultant daughter
cell should be genetically identical to the parent cell, the parent cell must
make a copy of each chromosome before mitosis. This occurs during the S phase
of interphase, the period that precedes the mitotic phase in the cell cycle
where preparation for mitosis occurs. Each chromosome now has an identical copy
of itself, and together the two are called sister chromatids. The sister
chromatids are held together by a specialized region of the chromosome: a DNA
sequence called the centromere. The centromere is the part of a chromosome that
links sister chromatids. A chromatid contains the replicated DNA of each
individual chromosome.
The universe of the Game of
Life is an infinite two-dimensional orthogonal grid of square cells, each of
which is in one of two possible states, alive or dead. Every cell interacts
with its eight neighbors, which are the cells that are horizontally,
vertically, or diagonally adjacent. At each step in time, the following
transitions occur: Any live cell with fewer than two live neighbors dies, as if
caused by under-population. Any live cell with two or three live neighbors
lives on to the next generation. Any live cell with more than three live
neighbors dies, as if by overcrowding. Any dead cell with exactly three live
neighbors becomes a live cell, as if by reproduction. The initial pattern
constitutes the seed of the system. The first generation is created by applying
the above rules simultaneously to every cell in the seed. Births and deaths
occur simultaneously. A cellular automaton consists of a regular grid of cells,
each in one of a finite number of states, such as on and off (in contrast to a
coupled map lattice). The grid can be in any finite number of dimensions. For
each cell, a set of cells called its neighborhood (usually including the cell
itself) is defined relative to the specified cell. An initial state (time t=0)
is selected by assigning a state for each cell. A new generation is created
(advancing t by 1), according to some fixed rule (generally, a mathematical
function) that determines the new state of each cell in terms of the current
state of the cell and the states of the cells in its neighborhood. Typically,
the rule for updating the state of cells is the same for each cell and does not
change over time, and is applied to the whole grid simultaneously, though
exceptions are known, such as the probabilistic cellular automata and
asynchronous cellular automaton.
Matrices are very important
in linear algebra and there is a rather abstract definition for them. Since we
need matrices only for a very special purpose, we will ignore that abstract
definition to focus on the relevant special case. So to us a matrix is a
2-dimensional array of real numbers. Four lines, three columns all of them full
with numbers, that is a 4x3 matrix. The numbers in a matrix are called entries.
More generally matrices can be written with variables. This example uses a 4x3
matrix, but it works all the same with other matrices. Whenever processing is
done in 3D it is often necessary to describe the orientation and location of objects.
Orientation and location can be summarized under the term transformation. One
way to describe a transformation is to use a set of three coordinates for the
location (together the coordinates form a vector) and three Euler angles for
the rotation (known as yaw, pitch and roll or as rotX, rotY and rotZ in Java
software applications). Additionally three real numbers can be used to give the
scaling. But there is a problem with this description of transformations. If
you want to apply the orientation described by them to a point in 3D space this
takes a lot of computing time. To apply the rotation you have to use the
trigonometric functions cosine and sine and using fast computer processing
time. To convert a coordinate from mesh space to a screen coordinate (where the
null-point is at the center of the screen) it is enough to transform it using a
single transformation matrix and to perform one division and two
multiplications on the result. This is why 3D graphics can render an image from
a model so quickly. This provides the basic idea of transformation matrices.
This principle is also very
useful and so is a good understanding of the "A to B space" notation.
Transformation matrices solve problems. 4x4 matrices can contain values, which
make it very easy to apply transformations to points in 3D space. All that is
needed are multiplications and additions. Both can be performed very fast, so
the needed computing time is short. To understand how this works we can examine
the basic principles of coordinate systems. The 4x3 matrix is a transformation
matrix. Any combination of rotations, translations and scalings can be
described through it or as mirroring and shearing. We will see how
transformations described this way can be applied to vectors, but first I want
to introduce a useful terminology. In our use the terms "coordinate
system" and "space" have the same meaning. So through every
space you can measure coordinates of points (as described above). And you can
convert coordinates from one space to another space using transformation
matrices. A transformation matrix, which describes the axes and the origin of a
space A using space B is referred to as A to B space transformation matrix. It
is called like this, because it can convert vectors from A space to B space.
One very important example for this is the following: Let’s say you have a mesh
(lots of vertices building up triangles). The vertices are given through lots
of coordinates. These coordinates do not make sense without an interpretation
through a coordinate system (a space), so we say that they are given in mesh
space. We want to get them into the "global space" of our scene. This
is a space, which is the same for all objects and it is referred to as world
space. So what we need to get the coordinates of our mesh into the world in the
right way is a mesh to world space transformation matrix. This matrix gives the
complete transformation of the “mesh on the bone”. This technique is used in
virtually all animation systems where simplified user interfaces allows
animators to control often complex algorithms and geometry, and through inverse
kinematics and other "goal-oriented" techniques. The result of this
technique is not to imitate real anatomy or physical processes, but to control
the deformation of the mesh data.
Transformation matrices
describe of transformations that can be converted to matrices. With matrices
you can perform more operations than just vector transformations. One important
operation is that you can transform a matrix by a matrix. If you have an A to B
space transformation and a B to C space transformation you can transform the
first using the latter to get an A to C space transformation. This new matrix
can get a vector from A to C space immediately, which is faster than
transforming it twice. You can also invert matrices, which means converting an
A to B space transformation to a B to A space transformation. And there are
many more operations, which can be performed with them. Matrices have been used
by mathematicians for a long time and for many different purposes. It is
actually not very common to use 4x3 transformation matrices. To describe
transformations, which include translations 4x4 matrices are used very often.
The last column is typically (0; 0; 0; 1). The vectors are 4D then and the last
coordinate is usually 1. The reason for this is that the mathematical
definition of matrices says that they should transform a vector, which contains
only nulls into a vector, which contains only nulls.
The Thue–Morse sequence, is
the binary sequence (an infinite sequence of 0s and 1s) obtained by starting
with 0 and successively appending the Boolean complement of the sequence
obtained thus far. This procedure yields 0 then 01, 0110, 01101001,
0110100110010110, and so on. The infinite sequence begins:
01101001100101101001011001101001.... Any other ordered pair of symbols may be
used instead of 0 and 1; the logical structure of the Thue–Morse sequence does
not depend on the symbols that are used to represent it. In the
characterization using bitwise negation. The Thue–Morse sequence in the form,
as a sequence of bits, can be defined recursively using the operation of
bitwise negation. The bitwise negation of 0110 is 1001. Combining these, the
first 8 elements are 0110100, ad infinitum. Turtle Graphics are the curve that
is generated if an automaton is programmed with a sequence. If the Thue–Morse
Sequence members are used in order to select program states: If t(n) = 0, move
ahead by one unit, If t(n) = 1, rotate counterclockwise by an angle of π/3, the
resulting curve converges to the Koch snowflake, a fractal curve of infinite
length containing a finite area. This illustrates the fractal nature of the
Thue–Morse Sequence.
In mathematics, the Cantor
set is a set of points lying on a single line segment that has a number of
remarkable and deep properties. It was discovered in 1874 by Henry John Stephen
Smith and introduced by German mathematician Georg Cantor in 1883. By removing
the line segment (1/3, 2/3) from the original interval [0, 1] it leaves behind
the points 1/3 and 2/3. Subsequent steps do not remove these (or other)
endpoints, since the intervals removed are always internal to the intervals
remaining. So the Cantor set is not empty, and in fact contains an infinite
number of points. The Cantor ternary set is created by repeatedly deleting the
open middle thirds of a set of line segments. One starts by deleting the open
middle third (1⁄3, 2⁄3) from the interval [0, 1], leaving two line segments:
[0, 1⁄3] ∪ [2⁄3, 1]. Next, the open middle third of each of these remaining
segments is deleted, leaving four line segments. This process is continued ad
infinitum. The Cantor ternary set contains all points in the interval [0, 1]
that are not deleted at any step in this infinite process. It may appear that
only the endpoints are left, but that is not the case either. The number 1/4,
for example, is in the bottom third, so it is not removed at the first step,
and is in the top third of the bottom third, and is in the bottom third of
that, and in the top third of that, and so on ad infinitum. Alternating between
top and bottom thirds, since it is never in one of the middle thirds, it is
never removed, and yet it is also not one of the endpoints of any middle third.
The number 3/10 is also in the Cantor set and is not an endpoint. In the sense
of cardinality, most members of the Cantor set are not endpoints of deleted
intervals.
To simplify the complex
math of fractal dimensions the ratio log (4) / log (3) = 1.26, may be referred
to in this introduction as a 4x3 ratio. 4 divided by 3 equals 1.333333 …
continuing the sequence of a 1/3 ratio. Reversed, 3 divided by 4 equals 3/4 or
.75 which is three equal parts of a 4 part line or quadrant. A telephone keypad
is a keypad that appears on a telephone is a dual-tone multi-frequency system
introduced in the 1960s, by John E. Karlin, an industrial psychologist at Bell
Labs. The contemporary keypad is laid out in a 4×3 grid which gives the numbers
0-9, * and #. The Hexadecimal keypad used in connects to a microprocessor has
16 keys in a 4 x 4 grid and is labeled with the hexadecimal digits 0-9 and A-F.
The Hexadecimal keypad is used to program microprocessors and popular in
robotics and automation. These engineering devices and there applications are
examples that demonstrate the mechanical practicality of the matrix.
Jay A. Johnson and Ed Oberg
developed a unique expression for the pi-phi product (pΦ) as a function of the
number 2 and an expression and function of phi, the set of all odd numbers and
the set of all Fibonacci numbers. This relationship was derived after Oberg
noticed an interesting relationship between pi and phi while contemplating
geometric questions related to the location of the King and Queen’s burial
chambers in the Great Pyramid, Cheops, of Giza, Egypt, the design of which is
based on phi. Trigonometric functions relating phi (Φ) and pi (Π) form when you
divide a 360° circle into 5 sections of 72° each and you get the five points of
a pentagon, whose dimensions are all based on phi relationships. Accordingly,
phi, pi and 5 (a Fibonacci number) can be related through trigonometry and Phi,
the golden ratio, expressed in trigonometric terms. Robert Everest discovered
that you can express Phi as a function of Pi and the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 5 of
the Fibonacci series: Phi = 1 – 2 cos ( 3 Pi / 5). In the Koch curve the
fractal dimension is given from the definition of the curve: N = 4 and r = 1/3
that is 4 segments each 1/3 size of the original line segment.
The function of information
is to lead matter back to symmetry upon the "straight and narrow
path". The information a material system contains is basically the road
map of information it needs to return to its original symmetric condition of
light. This allows us to understand the natural tendency of all material
systems to convert bound energy to free energy, following the information
pathway.
Although gravitation is an
abiotic force, it is nevertheless responsible, directly or indirectly, for
every level of the fractal hierarchy, including how gravity provides negative
energy for the "Big Bang", and helps create bound electromagnetic
energy from light. Gravity creates the elements in stars, creates planets to
support life and the stars which supply life's energy (including radioactive
energy), and organizes the various levels of the Astrophysical Realm. Newton's
Gravitation stands to the Fractal Hierarchy of Nature as Darwin's Natural
Selection stands to the Theory of Evolution. Gravity is the negative entropy
engine which produces all the material realms. The fact that both these
negative entropy drives, and the fractal algorithm, intersect in the
replicating molecule of DNA, has enormous implications for the abundance of
life in the Universe, amounting to a theory of, and a prediction for,
exobiology. Gravitation, chemistry, and the operation of the fractal algorithm
are universal abiotic forces which inevitably produce molecular structures including DNA whenever
environmental conditions allow. The information system of life is therefore not
accidental, but a natural and predictable outcome of the operation of physical
law, because of the universal presence and activity of the fractal algorithm.
The tendency of biological
and material systems to create large and interconnected information
structures(such as the biological web or matrix of Earth, and the dispersal of
life into the galaxy) is apparently due to matter's never-ending quest for
antimatter, as driven by charge and symmetry conservation, the long-range
electromagnetic and gravitational forces, and matter's attempt to recreate in
material systems the original connectivity, unity, and symmetry characteristic
of light. The charges of matter are the symmetry debts of light. Charges are
matter's memory it once was light. The unity and connectivity of light are
evidently also ultimately conserved correlates of light's state of perfect
symmetry. The emergence of "beauty" in material and biological
systems is an imperfect expression of symmetry conservation manifesting as best
it can in an intractable medium. The problem posed to the Cosmos by the
asymmetric creation of matter is this; Does asymmetric matter contain enough
information, in the absence of antimatter, to return to its symmetric origin as
light? Matter is only 1/2 of light's particle form, and so contains only
one-half of the original information contained in particle-antiparticle pairs.
The answer to this question is a provisional "yes": provided another
dimension, time, is added to space to allow the working through of the difficult
return path. During this return journey, the information pathway develops as a
consequence of matter's eternal search for antimatter, and appears to be an
attempt to recreate in material form the original attributes and potentials of
light, including its unity, connectivity, symmetry, and creativity (light
creates space and helps create matter). The material realm is a parallel
construction, an analog in matter of the Universe of light, Heaven reproduced
on Earth, Chardin's "Omega Point". The material universe is a
laboratory in which the creative potential of symmetric energy (light) is
explored and realized in material and specific form.
Our species' special
position comes about through our discovery of Natural Law and the Scientific
Method. Natural Law is the same everywhere in the Universe; hence a knowledge
of the information content of Natural Law is a necessary prerequisite for a
universal traveler, a galactic explorer and colonizer, a true Citizen of the
Cosmos. The human "niche" has evolved from its beginnings in local
Earth biology to a universal expression: the extraction of energy via the
social apprehension and application of Natural Law. Our biological role is to
be the seed of Gaia, dispersing earth-life into the galaxy in space craft. Nor
is it likely that Earth is the only planet in the Milky Way entering its
dispersal phase. We need to stop fighting among ourselves, protect our fragile
mother-planet, and move on to the new frontier that beckons us from above and
is the evolutionary purpose, promise, and destiny of our species.
Terence McKenna has said he
believes the universe is made from language. This is true in the biological
realm, since DNA is certainly a form of molecular and chemical language, by any
definition. The question remains, therefore, is the abiotic realm similarly
created by language. If there is an analog of DNA for the creation of the
atomic particle, is there a linkage between the language systems of the biotic
and abiotic cosmos? I think the answer to both questions is yes: for question
one, the analog of DNA for the particle/atomic realm is the space-time metric
or "vacuum", which serves as a template for the production of
elementary particles both during the "Big Bang" and currently. For
question two, the linkage is obviously through the carbon atom and its five
levels of fractal resonance, which also has its beginning in the 4-D metric of
space-time.
Matter is an asymmetric,
conserved form of light (one-half of a matter-antimatter particle pair). The
language spoken in the conversion of light into matter is the language of
conservation, which has three major modes, spoken simultaneously like the notes
of a musical chord. These three conservation modes are 1) raw energy
conservation (mass - momentum); 2) symmetry conservation (charge - inertia); 3)
entropy conservation (time - gravity). Light's primal form is simply pure
energy, symmetry, and entropy - free electromagnetic radiation - manifesting as
undifferentiated energetic photons which create a hot, expanding and cooling
metric space due to their intrinsic (entropic) motion and symmetric (non-local)
energy state. This is not (at first) a language but a primordial roar of raw
power. The conversion of this primal thunder into atomic matter (via the
symmetric template of space-time and the asymmetric mediation of the weak
force) produces a conserved set of elementary particles (quarks and leptons,
identical and invariant within type) which combine with one another to form an
alphabet of 92 letters, the natural elements of the periodic table. These
letters then combine into the words of molecular chemistry and eventually
create the poetic language of life, with carbon and DNA as the connecting
linkage between the biotic and abiotic realms. The universal fractal algorithm
regulates the formation and development of every level of natural organization,
from its inception in the space-time metric and the four conservation laws of
energy, symmetry, and entropy.
Beyond the tetrahedral
bonds of molecular carbon, we find that DNA is itself a fractal formation
chemical structure; 4 nucleic acids (adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine) each
composed of 3 molecular groups (sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base). The
genetic code is another fractal structure, the 4 nucleic acids code in
triplets, producing the amino acids that comprise proteins. The cosmic fractal
algorithm is embedded in biology. This is the clue to how the ancients could
have intuited the fractal structure of the Cosmos: they were intuiting the
structure of their own genetic and physical constitutions. At higher levels of
biological organization, we lose sight of the molecular thread, but the dynamic
and gross structural elements of the 4x3 fractal algorithm remain evident.
Natural organization can be characterized by a dominant expression of the
fractal. In the biological realm, this is obviously the molecular structure of
DNA-RNA and its genetic code. In the microphysical or atomic realm, it is the
quarks and charges of the atomic nucleus, plus the quantum numbers of the
electron shell (n, l, m, s) and the 3 components of atoms (electron, proton,
neutron). At the astrophysical level, it is Kepler's 3 laws of planetary motion
in 4 dimensional space-time, and the dynamic field of gravity, in Einstein's
words; four 3rd order equations (the changing rate of gravitational
acceleration in x, y, z, t). Maxwell's 4 equations of electromagnetism are
another example in the long-range or space-time forces (gravity and light). A
major expression in the short-range or nuclear forces at the astrophysical
level is found in the nucleo-synthetic pathway, which depends upon the
stability of the alpha particle or helium nucleus, the structural
"brick" of element-building in stars. The nuclear resonance of the
nucleo-synthetic pathway proceeds from helium to carbon, and upwards beyond
oxygen in alpha-particle steps (with the consequence that elements with even
atomic numbers are more common than elements with odd atomic numbers), but
finally fails with chromium 48, which is highly radioactive, requiring 4 extra
neutrons to achieve stability (chromium 52). The resonance settles at iron 56,
one alpha particle beyond chromium 52, after which no more energy can be
extracted from nuclear fusion. When the resonance fails, so does the release of
excess binding energy in nucleo-synthesis. We should note there is a
"miraculous" energetic resonance of the carbon nucleus, predicted by
Fred Hoyle, which allows the formation of carbon from 3 alpha particles in the
nucleo-synthetic pathway of stars. Our hypothesis of a cosmic fractal algorithm
gives the same prediction.
In the metaphysical level
of human thought, we find numerous examples from the intuitive "world
systems" of religion, mythology, and occult traditions, including in
religion the sacred creatures which surround the throne of God (the Trinity);
the riders of the apocalypse and the 3 fates in Greek mythology. The 4 elements
and 3 qualities of astrology and the 8 trigrams of the I-Ching. In the rational
mode we have the four forces of physics combined with 3 energy states in the
Unified Field Theory (light, matter, charge - free energy, bound energy, and
the symmetry debts of matter), the Tetrahedron Model of 4 conservation laws
combined in triplets, the Higgs boson hierarchy of the weak force, and numerous
examples in the fractal hierarchy table previously cited. It is reflected in
the body plan of humans and most terrestrial vertebrates, three major body
divisions and functions (cephalic - perception; thoracic, metabolic; pelvic,
reproductive) and four limbs. Even in our calendar of four solar seasons and
three lunar months. The many striking correspondences between the classical
astrological interpretation of the Sun Signs and the rational or
"scientific" meaning assigned to those same matrix cells is stunning,
for those who can walk in both realms, raising the question of the power and
extent of human intuition and the "ancient wisdom". In the "The
magical power of the subconscious mind", believers convince their
subconscious mind to make the changes that they desire. All spirits and
energies are projections and symbols that make sense to the subconscious. A
variant of this belief is that the subconscious is capable of contacting
spirits, who in turn can work magic. "The Oneness of All." Based on
the fundamental concepts of monism and Non-duality, this philosophy holds that
magic is the application of one's own inherent unity with the universe. That
personal realization, or illumination, is that the self is limitless; one may
live in unison with nature, seeking and preserving balance in all things.
The fractal organization of
nature is a lattice structured EM field supporting the Unified Field Theory and
that it has a relational core element. The "Tetrahedron Model" is a
set of interacting conservation laws and fundamental principles which underlie
and balance the operation of the forces. These sets of conservation laws are
truly metaphysical in that not only are they idealizations of the human mind,
but they all have "spiritual" as well as physical interpretations. We
have already observed that the notion of "conservation" applies not
only to energy but also to the "salvation" of souls and the spiritual
conservation domain of "Heaven". Likewise, the principle of
"symmetry" is found not only in the aesthetic example of beauty, but
in the ethical notion of fair play, the "Golden Rule" of social
interaction, the equality of all souls before God, etc. In the notion of
"causality" we also find the principle of "karma" or divine
justice and retribution/reward, and personal responsibility for the
consequences of our actions. In "entropy" we have a concept
expressing the principle of eternal change, motion, evolution, and the gradual
perfecting of a "fallen" or material universe.
It is a simple task to map
the conservation principles against the forces in the "grid" or
"matrix" format. We find this is essentially the same mapping and
gives the same result as when we used the energetic parameters, "free
energy, bound energy, charge, force". This is apparently because we have
reached the "bottom" of this line of generalization; there is no
deeper abstraction characterizing this set of energetic parameters: energy and
spirit are either equivalent or complementary. We have in both cases a mapping
of "spiritual" or metaphysical parameters against the physical
forces, which is analogous to the astrological mapping of "Qualities"
vs "Elements". We have essentially a matrix illustrating the
impregnation of matter with energy, "spirit", or natural law, in either
case a mating of the divine with the secular, the metaphysical with the
physical; it is the energetic/spiritual component that "breaths fire into
the equations" and sparks life from the dust of the Earth. And only such a
mixture could suitably represent the Unified Field Theory, the fundamental note
of the fractal, resonant hierarchy of our amazing and beautiful Cosmos.
Other phenomena of the
fractal hierarchy include the emergence of life from the replicating ability of
the structure of a molecule of RNA and DNA. The fractal hierarchy originates in
the "rebound" from the electromagnetic ground state of the
"Higgs Cascade". The purpose of the rebound is to return matter to
its symmetric form as light, using the information conserved as charge to
accomplish this goal. The charges of matter are the symmetry debts of light,
and charges act to repay those conserved obligations. But the fractal hierarchy
also serves as the information pathway by which the cosmos creates life and
acquires the ability to know itself. Through humanity the cosmos explores new
modes of creativity, new domains of knowledge, new forms of beauty; the
universe experiences itself and evolves through living forms. We are the Cosmos
in its human form, become self-aware.
The Chemical Basis of
Morphogenesis is an article written by Alan Turing in 1951 describing the way
in which non-uniformity (stripes, spots, spirals, etc.) may arise naturally out
of a homogeneous, uniform state. The theory (which can be called a
reaction–diffusion theory of morphogenesis), has served as a basic model in
theoretical biology, and is seen by some as the very beginning of chaos theory.
Reaction–diffusion systems have attracted much interest as a prototype model
for pattern formation. The patterns of fronts, spirals, targets, hexagons,
stripes and dissipative solitary waves can be found in various types of
reaction-diffusion systems in spite of large discrepancies that is in the local
reaction terms.
In mathematics and physics,
a soliton is a self-reinforcing solitary wave (a wave packet or pulse) that
maintains its shape while it travels at constant speed. Solitons are caused by
a cancellation of nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium. (The term
"dispersive effects" refers to a property of certain systems where
the speed of the waves varies according to frequency.) Solitons arise as the
solutions of a widespread class of weakly nonlinear dispersive partial
differential equations describing physical systems. The soliton phenomenon was
first described by John Scott Russell (1808–1882) who observed a solitary wave
in the Union Canal in Scotland. He reproduced the phenomenon in a wave tank and
named it the "Wave of Translation".
Three properties
characteristic of solitons:
They are of relative
permanent form;
They are relatively
localized within a region;
They can interact with
other solitons, and emerge from the collision either unchanged or in a phase
shift.
More formal definitions
exist, but they require substantial mathematics. Moreover, some scientists use
the term soliton for phenomena that do not quite have these three properties.
The 'light bullets' of nonlinear optics are often called solitons despite
losing energy during interaction. Morphogenesis, from the Greek word morphĂŞ, to
form the genesis creation, means literally, "beginning of the shape")
is the biological process that causes an organism to develop its shape. It is
one of three fundamental aspects of developmental biology along with the
control of cell growth and cellular differentiation.
The process controls the
organized spatial distribution of cells during the embryonic development of an
organism. Morphogenesis can take place also in a mature organism, in cell
culture or inside tumor cell masses. Morphogenesis also describes the
development of unicellular life forms that do not have an embryonic stage in
their life cycle, or describes the evolution of a body structure within a
taxonomic group. Morphogenetic responses may be induced in organisms by
hormones, by environmental chemicals ranging from substances produced by other
organisms to toxic chemicals or radionuclides released as pollutants, and other
plants, or by mechanical stresses induced by spatial patterning of the cells.
Heraclitus of Ephesus (c.
535 – c. 475 BCE) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of the Greek
city Ephesus, Ionia. He was called "The Obscure" and the
"Weeping Philosopher". The philosophy of Heraclitus is summed up in
"Ever-newer waters flow on those who step into the same rivers." The
quote from Heraclitus appears in Plato's Cratylus twice.
Heraclitus is famous for
his insistence on the continual change of the universe, and said, "No man
ever steps in the same river twice". He believed in the unity of
opposites, stating that "the path up and down are one and the same",
all existing physical entities being characterized by pairs of contrary
properties.
This Logos holds always but
humans always prove unable to understand it, both before hearing it and when
they have first heard it. For though all things come to be in accordance with
this Logos, humans are like the inexperienced when they experience such words
and deeds as I set out, distinguishing each in accordance with its nature and
saying how it is. But other people fail to notice what they do when awake, just
as they forget what they do while asleep. For this reason it is necessary to
follow what is common. But although the Logos is common, most people live as if
they had their own personal understanding.
The meaning of Logos also
is subject to interpretation as the "word", "account",
"plan", or "formula". Though Heraclitus "quite
deliberately plays on the various meanings of logos", there is no
compelling reason to suppose that he used it in a special technical sense,
significantly different from the way it was used in ordinary Greek of his time.
"All entities move and nothing remains still" and "Everything
changes and nothing remains still and you cannot step twice into the same
stream". “We are and are not."
"The upward-downward
path" exists simultaneously and instantaneously and manifest as the
"hidden harmony". In the bow metaphor Heraclitus compares the
resultant to a strung bow held in shape by an equilibrium of the string tension
and spring action of the bow. “There is a harmony in the bending back as in the
case of the bow and the lyre.” Harmony is a series of transformations,
"turnings of fire," first into sea, then half of sea to earth and
half to air. The methodology of transformation is the exchange of one element
by another. "The death of fire is the birth of air, and the death of air
is the birth of water. All things are an interchange for fire, and fire for all
things.” All things come into being by conflict of opposites, and the sum of
things, flows like a stream. He distinguishes between human laws and divine law
with the statement, "follow the common".
The Game of Life cellular
automaton is a classic example of a massively parallel collision-based
computing device. The automaton exhibits mobile patterns, gliders, and
generators of the mobile patterns, glider guns, in its evolution. We show how
to construct basic logical operations, AND, OR, NOT in space-time
configurations of the cellular automaton. Also decomposition of complicated
Boolean functions is discussed. Advantages of our technique are demonstrated on
an example of binary adder, realized via collision of glider streams. The Game
of Life (Life) is probably the most well-known cellular automaton. The rules of
its behavior were discovered by John Conway at the end of the 1960s. The
presentation of Conway's construction by Martin Gardner in the October 1970
issue of Scientific American made it so famous that, in 1974, Time magazine
even complained about how much computer time could be wasted because
"growing hordes of fanatics" spent their office days playing with the
new "toy". The newly discovered cellular automata rules were called
"the Game of Life" because Conway " ... wanted to see some
self-reproducing animal ... displaying some interesting behavior ".
The "living" is
seen as a metaphor in the Game of Life context, also no spontaneous nontrivial
self-reproducing patterns were found. However, the Game of Life possesses
abilities to self-reproduction as well as computational universality. Actually,
a simulation of the Game of Life universality was proved by its creator. He
showed that a universal Turing machine is embedded in the Game of Life, i.e.
behavior of the Turing machine is imitated by space-time dynamic of the Game of
Life cellular automaton.
As with any computational,
or logic, universality is presented in a simple way to implement any Boolean
function in patterns of the Game of Life. Implementation of fundamental Boolean
operators in space-time dynamics of the Game of Life directs activity to
combine logical gates, in order to manage complex Boolean equations or solution
of a simple combinatorial problem and the construction of a binary adder.
Basic Features of the Game
of Life The Game of Life is a two dimensional cellular automaton with binary
cell states and Moore neighborhood. Each cell of the automaton takes either 0
or 1 state (we can call them living or dead, active or quiescent) and updates
its state in discrete time depending on the states of its eight closest
neighbors.
A logical gate is some kind
of "black box" which is able to process two Boolean variables,
inputs, according to a specified Boolean operator. There are three main gates,
which correspond to the three fundamental operators defined by George Boole.
The AND operator is true if both inputs are true. The notation is a ^ b.
Similarly, the electrical
diagram of the AND-gate shows that both switches a and b must be ON to activate
the output O. The classical electronic diagram is presented as a gate that
associates two electrical inputs and processes the corresponding output. The OR
operator is true if at least one input is true. The notation is: a v b. The
electrical diagram of The OR operator shows that to transmit the current to the
output, only one switch has to be ON. The NOT operator is unary, it uses only
one entry and reverses it. The notation is ¬a. In the electrical diagram one
uses an inverted switch which transmits the current when it is OFF. If one
switches the entry ON, the output will no longer be activated. Every logical
function, i.e. every possible result set of the combination of two Boolean
variables, can be constructed using these three fundamental operators. We then
only have to implement AND, OR, NOT-gates to be able to manage any Boolean
function. To implement a logical gate we therefore need:
Some kind of electrical
pulses to represent inputs.
Wires to transmit the
electrical pulses.
Processing devices which
associate inputs and compute the Boolean result.
A device placed after the
processing device, able to check the output electrical pulses. This will
represent the output.
These items are encoded in
the Game of Life objects:
Input and output electrical
pulses - Gliders.
Wires - Trajectories of
glider movements.
Processing devices -
Collision of gliders.
Output device - Collision
of gliders with immobile patterns.
The schematic diagram of
von Neumann's self-replicating cellular automaton defines the system as a
universal constructor (UC), namely, a machine capable of constructing, through
the use of a “constructing arm" any configuration when instructions are
stored on its input tape. This universal constructor is therefore capable,
given its own description, of constructing a copy of itself, which is
self-replicating. Since the beginning, von Neumann, considered CA as tools to
analyze the reproduction mechanisms of living creatures. Indeed, the properties
of CA permit to show and analyze some of the biology’s fundamental mechanisms.
The notion of emergence
appeared with the general systems theory. In a general way it is said that
"the whole is greater than the sum of the parts" or "The global
behavior is greater than sum of the behaviors of the individual parts".
These expressions mean that the complex association of elements induces the
apparition of new phenomena and mechanisms. "At each level of the prebiotic,
biotic and social evolution new properties appear that cannot be explained by
the sum of the own properties of each part that constitute the whole. There is
a qualitative gap in the property of emergence as linked to complexity. The
increase of the diversity of elements, the increase of the number of links
between these elements, and the game of non-linear interactions lead to hardly
predictable behaviors." The so-called "global" emergence then
characterize the properties of a system that are new ones comparing to the
properties of its isolate components, are organized in a such a way that allows
life, and in turn consciousness, be aware of itself and the world that
surrounds us.
We examined previously the
behavior of a line of three vertical cells. At the first generation, we get
three horizontal cells, at the second one, three vertical cells again. A line
of three living cells then generates a cycle. This pattern is a
"blinker". A blinker is not made up of a group of given cells, it is
a dynamic pattern that emerges within the space of CA. The blinker seems to be
independent, it is a specific structure, particular inside its environment. The
rules of the game of life were determined so as to generate a wide diversity of
unpredictable structures. The specialists listed a whole faun of patterns whose
behaviors are astonishing. Complete libraries are available. One of the most
famous is the glider. A given five cells pattern self-reproduces every four
generations one cell away.
Even more than blinkers,
gliders evoke emergence. It looks like a creeping animal, going all over the
space on straight line. A glider is not a set of cells. At each generation, its
cells are replaced. As the atoms that constitute you are not the ones you had
at your birth, the components of the glider are constantly renewed. The
application of the rules of the game of life induce the apparition of a
dynamic, coherent and independent structure, with peculiar properties : this is
the very nature of emergence. These properties can be used for specific aims.
The glider is used to represent a signal, you will find an example in LogiCell.
Another remarkable pattern is the glider gun. It is a set of cells generating
gliders. It made it possible to demonstrate that the population of the game of
life could grow indefinitely.
CA can be used to construct
universal Turing machines. The idea that it should be possible to create life
inside a computer is based on the computing theory proposed by Turing. With
this ability of a universal Turing machine can emulate any other machine such
as a Glider gun. The fact that all computers are fundamentally equivalent, led
von Neumann to consider how automata could self-reproduce. He more particularly
wondered "what kind of logical organization of an automaton is sufficient
to produce self-reproduction". The game of life is part of them. Langton's
basic idea is that it is possible to conceive a CA supporting a structure whose
components constitute the information necessary to its own reproduction. This
structure is then both itself and representation of itself. Langton's automaton
uses height states and twenty-nine rules. The structure that reproduces itself
is a loop constituted of a sheath within which circulates the information
necessary to construct a new loop necessary to reproduction. In Langton's loop,
for example, the cells in state 2 constitute the sheath, inner cells contain
the information for reproduction. They are, in some way, the DNA of the loop.
The sequences 7-0 and 4-0 propagate toward the tail. When they reach the
extremity, the first ones extend the tail, the second ones construct a
left-hand corner. The addition of a "sterilization" rule that blocks
the evolution after a certain number of generations leads to the construction
of some kind of coral.
Peak Experience is defined
by Abraham Maslow, as representing a Supraconsciousness state with certain
well-defined characteristic features. Much has been written about P.E. and the
term has become broadened from its original meaning. Peak experience represents
one of at least several altered states of consciousness and might be referred
to as a transient state of supraconsciousness. It is a relatively common
occurrence and one poll indicates that over one-third of all individuals claim
to have had one: Maslow first discovered what he called "peak
experiences" in self-actualizing individuals; however, it gradually became
apparent to him that a great many people have them. He believed that so-called
"mystical experiences" were essentially the same thing as P.E. The
supernatural aspects of mystical or religious experiences are a phenomenon
which can have been evaluated scientifically, and should be readily accepted by
many to represent a valid altered state of consciousness. Maslow concluded that
during a Peak experience people have a better, truer perception of reality.
During this altered state an individual achieves the same insights that many
philosophers have had regarding the unifying aspects of reality. Some of the
words he compiled which are common to Peak experience. include truth, beauty,
joy, ecstasy, wholeness, dichotomy transcendence, perfection, order,
simplicity, uniqueness, justice and completion. Maslow describes the major
features of a peak experience in the following way. One has the perception that
the universe is a totally integrated and unified whole and that one is a part
of it. A "cosmic consciousness" is experienced so that the whole
cosmos is perceived as a unity and one's own place in this whole is
simultaneously understood. Self-boundaries are lost as one becomes integrated
with the rest of existence; however, self-identity and individual awareness
persist. During these experiences one's concentration is totally absorbed and
there is the truest and most total kind of visual perceiving or listening or
feeling." One experiences superhuman, almost "god-like"
perception of apparent reality. There is a feeling of omniscience. Great
insights and revelations are achieved and profoundly felt, associated with
feelings of intense joy and ecstasy. The experience alters one's perception of
the meaning and value of life, and makes life seem much more important and
worthwhile. There is a time and space disorientation so that the ability to
estimate a time interval is lost. The dichotomies, polarities and conflicts of
life are transcended and resolved. The world is seen only as a beautiful, good,
desirable place to be. It is never experienced as evil. The presence of evil is
accepted and understood as part of the whole, as being unavoidable and
necessary. During the omniscient perceptive state, evil is seen as a product of
limited understanding. The greater the understanding, the less the condemnation
or blame, disappointment and shock that is experienced. There is a transient
loss of all anxiety, fear, confusion, conflict and inhibition. There is an
eagerness to repay the peak experience with a sense of obligation and
dedication to humanity. The best verbal description of a Peak experience cannot
begin to capture the essence of the experience. There are many reports of
creative acts that have apparently occurred during altered states of
consciousness, thus supporting that altered states allow the unconscious
process to operate more freely. It produces the long-lasting effect of one
becoming more loving, honest, innocent, non-needing, less selfish, and even
more spiritual. One is left with an all-embracing love for everybody and
everything, which in turn leads to a strong impulse to do something good for
the world.
Memory, which reflects the
storage of information, is not stored in the hard wiring of the brain.
Particular areas of the brain are more important in the processing of memory
than others. It is unlikely that cognitive memory storage occurs anywhere
specific within the brain substance, although perhaps involuntary motor skills
are hard wired in a sense. Those scientists that continue to pursue this
concept are doomed to a lifetime of disappointment. The Ultimate Theory of
Everything predicts that memory is imprinted in space-time holographically
which allows access to it independent of location within space or time. This
can be thought of as the warping of space similar to what Einstein described
relative to the way that gravity governs the direction of celestial bodies,
however the image should be visualized as more of a micro-warping. The
fluctuations in texture of this warped space would likely be many times smaller
than the diameter of the smallest atomic particles. If one were able to
visualize the appearance of micro warped space containing memory it would probably
look very much like the interference pattern recorded on a holographic plate
except that it would be at least four dimensional and constantly changing form.
Atomic particles are held in position appearing to comprise solid objects by
this micro-warped space. The micro-warped space in actuality is comprised of
energy-matter finely and heterogeneously dissolving into the very fabric of
space without any demarcating boundaries. There are no particles as such in
existence that can be divided into smaller particles. Quarks and electrons are
not solid structures but only highly concentrated focused energy. At the
present time there is no way to evaluate space at the level of this
micro-warping. Thus this is a concept that will be difficult to explore experimentally
through science. The relatively recent invention of superstring theory is
approaching this level where memory storage occurs. Nevertheless, there are
many reasons to believe that the holographic storage of memory is an accurate
perception. It allows explanation for virtually all mental events. There is one
property of holography that makes the concept so appealing relative to applying
it to memory and mental events. If the holographic plate, which stores the
information used to reconstruct a three dimensional image, is broken into many
small pieces then the total image can still be reproduced from any of the
fragments. The resolution of the image will be less distinct (fuzzy) but it
will otherwise be the same as if the entire holographic plate was used in the
reconstruction. Memory storage in space-time would appear to behave in similar
fashion. No matter what fractional volume of space that one is accessing the
information is stored there. The larger volume of space that one is capable of
sampling the resolution of the total image. The larger the landscape of mind,
the more intricate the wiring. This also inversely as scale back to the
nanoscopic and miniaturize and zoom in on the smaller boundaries of the fractal
universe.
A hologram can be produced
when a single laser light beam is divided into two separate beams. The first
beam is reflected off the object being photographed and the second beam is then
allowed to collide with the reflected light beam of the first resulting in an
interference pattern that is recorded on film. The encoded image has a very
chaotic non-descript appearance, which can resemble the surface of the moon
with multiple crater sites. The image has no resemblance to the object that it
will be used to recreate. Again it is important to emphasize that if the
photographic plate is broken into many fragments each can still be used by
itself to recreate the entire three-dimensional object no matter how small the
fragment being used. The brain functions as if it was accessing a holographic
plate with encoded images. This has been well established in both lower animals
and humans. Karl Lashley surgically removed various portions of rat brains and
submitted them to experimental testing both before and after. He determined
that no matter what portions of their brains he removed he could not erase
their memories. Their motor skills were often impaired but even with large
portions of their brains removed, they could still find their way through a
maze.
Paul Pietsch performed
similar experiments on salamanders. In a series of 700 operations he performed
multiple different types of surgical extractions of brain tissue including
flipping, subtraction, and even mincing, but always when he replaced what was
left of their brains their behavior returned to normal. Humans following
removal of sections of their temporal lobes, which supposedly is very important
to memory function, may also retain normal function. Other examples could be
presented illustrating the holographic operation of brain function. There are
an increasing number of mind-brain researchers who accept this concept but at
present remain in the minority. Virtually all mental events can be explained by
the holographic model. It would seem that the actual storage of information
occurs more within the space-time arena than the matter-energy of hardwiring.
Carl Jung became convinced
that a collective unconsciousness exists that all humans contribute to and can
access. He concluded that dreams, hallucinations, myths, and religious visions
derived from this collective unconsciousness. If such an unconsciousness
exists, and I believe that it does, its memory would be holographically
recorded in space-time. Mystics and other individuals who have reported
experiencing omniscient cosmic oneness with the universe, where there is a
total loss of one’s individual boundary along with the sense of unity with all
life as well as the perception that one is in complete total unity with the
entire universe, are likely tapping into a larger volume of the space-time
hologram.
Much of modern art may be
seen as the attempt to isolate, identify, or define the pure elements or
principles of esthetic law. And to achieve an abstract language of ideal form,
color, and composition in much the same way that mathematics has served
science. Similarly, "scientific" principles have been applied to the
spiritual search for contact, attempting to learn this process. Examples of
this approach are rituals, incantations, prescribed movements (such as dance),
mantras, meditations, chants, and the development of arcane, mystic, and occult
formulae, some considered to be "black magic" and
"witchcraft". It can also be considered attempts to deduce the
essential elements of spiritual contact and render them pragmatically and
repeatable successful.
It seems likely that our
great geniuses of art, science, and spirituality, whether rational or
intuitive, were all simply "better connected" than the rest of us,
both internally in their brains and externally, as if their minds were both
better receivers and "antennas" than those of ordinary people,
allowing them a contact with the cosmic order that for most of us is either
garbled, noisy, or weak. Great art, science, and spirituality is the product of
an exceptional quality of personal contact with the world, both locally,
globally and generally more widely accepted as universal.
Spirituality, art, and
science have emerged as uniquely human connections to the Cosmos, all the
product of our abstract mind. All have become powerful institutions because of
our social nature, which in itself is a mode of connection with each other, and
through each other, the world. The "divine right" of kings and the
pageantry of royalty have, since antiquity, been thoroughly conflated with
religion, attempting to make a fractal connection between the governments of
the heavenly and human realms. The four fundamental functions of biology and
their relation to the parameters of the Tetrahedron General Systems Model:
Metabolism - Energy
Reproduction - Symmetry
Perception -
Causality-Information
Evolution - Entropy
The evolutionary history of
species has been described as a "tree", with many branches arising
from a single trunk. Light is the messenger of causality - as Einstein's
Special Theory of Relativity informs us, through the invariance of
"velocity c" and the "Interval". The interaction of the
electron shell with light constitutes perception in its most elementary form.
Perception is a basic property of the Causal-Information Realm, beginning with
the electrical character of matter and culminating in human consciousness and
"enlightenment". Mind and Consciousness is an emergent phenomenon of
life which has its physical origin in the ability of the electron shell of an
atom to absorb and emit light (stimulus reception and response), and its
biological origin in the adaptive value of perception (finding food, mates,
enemies). Whereas plants (mostly) use light for energy, animals (mostly) use
light for information. Perception, in its higher expressions, is an intuitive
synthesis between information and causality. Causality implies information, and
perception is the business of (mentally) assigning sensory information to
appropriate causal sequences. Mind and "cosmic self-awareness" is a
"goal" of evolution to the same extent that life is a goal of
evolution. Life is the inevitable emergent product of the fractal hierarchy of
organization in the Information Realm. The development of the fractal hierarchy
and the evolution of life is driven by matter's universal and eternal journey
to master electromagnetism and the conservation of gravitational symmetry.
Mind is the only
"metaphysical" goal of the Universe. The evolutionary achievement of
human consciousness is a self-sufficient goal of the Universe and evolution,
requires no justification or explanation, in spite of our confusion regarding
life's rationale. We are the Universe become self-aware; our awareness is the
awareness of the Cosmos. The aesthetic pleasure derived from experiencing the
beauty of the Universe is a sufficient justification and reward for human
consciousness; information and experience "live" forever in the
historic domain of space-time. Just as the existence of light requires no
explanation because it is both completely conserved and completely symmetric,
so the experience of life requires no explanation because it is the
self-awareness of the Cosmos. Life experience is immaterial and eternal in its
essence, with joy, love, aesthetic and intellectual pleasure (through the
experience of beauty and truth), and spiritual pleasure through
"enlightenment" (a sort of universal perceptual resonance) as its
highest goals. Life is the means by which the universe experiences itself and
achieves self-awareness. Life is therefore an evolutionary goal and desideratum
of the Cosmos. What should we do? Appreciate, respect, and understand life,
ourselves, and the Cosmos; explore and become co-creators with the Universe;
develop new modes of creativity and new forms of beauty.
Machine Learning, a branch
of artificial intelligence, is about the construction and study of systems that
can learn from data. For example, a machine learning system could be trained on
email messages to learn to distinguish between spam and non-spam messages.
After learning it can then be used to classify new email messages into spam and
non-spam folders. The core of machine learning deals with representation and
generalization. Representation of data instances and functions evaluated on
these instances are part of all machine learning systems; for example, in the
above email message example we can represent an email as a set of words by
simply discarding the word order. Generalization is the property that the
system will perform well on unseen data instances; the conditions under which
this can be guaranteed are a key object of study in the subfield of
computational learning theory. Optical character recognition, in which printed
characters are recognized automatically based on previous examples, is a
classic engineering example of machine learning.
According to philosophers
who have studied and written about the history of transhumanist thought,
transcendentalist impulses have been expressed at least as far back as in the
quest for immortality in the Epic of Gilgamesh, as well as historical quests for
the Fountain of Youth, Elixir of Life, and other efforts to stave off aging and
death. Transhumanist philosophy, however, is rooted in Renaissance humanism and
the Enlightenment. For example, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola called on people
to "sculpt their own statue", and the Marquis de Condorcet speculated
about the use of medical science to indefinitely extend the human life span,
while Benjamin Franklin dreamed of suspended animation, and after Charles
Darwin "it became increasingly plausible to view the current version of
humanity not as the endpoint of evolution but rather as a possibly quite early
phase."
Evidence in this book is
provided that supports the concept of a universal consciousness. It draws from
many sources such as “The Integrated Theory of Intelligence” by Dr. Roger
Blomquist, which describes the interrelationship of Intelligence and a Cosmic
Consciousness with matter-energy and space-time. Intelligence-consciousness,
matter-energy, and space-time are postulated to represent the properties of a
solitary universal basic substance that comprises all of existence within our
universe.
As humankind has become
increasingly more enlightened, there are those who have become aware of what
has been perceived to represent a Universal Consciousness. This entity has been
given a wide variety of names by the various individuals who have come to
recognize this phenomenon as reflected in the list of key words above.
Religiously oriented people refer to this entity as God. Others who choose to
avoid the use of this emotionally charged term have invented other words to
describe this essence. Most people have some sense of a “higher power”. This
belief can be based upon either intuition or logic. More and more people are
having what might be called a spiritual experience, or enlightenment. This has
been a common phenomenon in “Eastern” mysticism but has been rather
historically uncommon in “Western” religious traditions. The increased
incidence of this type of experience in Western culture led Abraham Maslow to
spend most of his professional career in its study. He gave legitimacy to this
concept through his exhaustive analysis spanning many years. Although he named
this phenomenon “peak experience”, there can be no question that what he was
describing is essentially the same thing that Eastern mystics have labeled
mystical experience or satori. Although the experience cannot be meaningfully
described through language there are a few descriptive concepts that can be
presented. To achieve the Peak Experience, one enters into a meditative state.
He or she feels a total connection to the rest of the universe where the
perceived external boundary of one’s body and conscious mind are lost. There is
the perception of being totally “one with the universe”, or universal mind.
There is also the perception of being totally omniscient where one has access
to all knowledge having a complete understanding of everything. During this
time one is also experiencing the feeling of total love, acceptance and peace.
This book addresses the
interrelationship of mind as intelligence and consciousness to matter-energy
and space-time. There was one solitary substance comprising the basic fabric of
the universe at the moment it began its expansionary process from a singularity
approximately 13 billion years ago. This substance quickly began manifesting
the properties of matter-energy, space-time, and intelligence-consciousness.
Every aspect of our existence can be defined by this elementary substance.
Modem day physicists would confine matter-energy in space-time without defining
a world soul. The entire universe is heterogeneously infused with matter-energy
and intelligence and consciousness in space-time. The concepts of Universal
Mind or Collective Unconsciousness are discussed and related to physical
phenomena such as the holographic distribution of information throughout all of
space and the universe.
Michael Peragine
12/21/2012
References:
Alan M. Turing, The
Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis, 1952.
John A. Gowan, Essays on Physics
and the Nature of Reality, 2010.
Jean-Philippe Rennard,
Ph.D., Implementation of Logical Functions in the Game of Life, 2002.
Jean-Philippe Rennard,
Ph.D., Introduction to Cellular Automata, 2000.
Dr. Roger Blomquist, M.D.,
Integrated Theory of Intelligence, 1991.
John C. Gowan, Ph.D.,
Trance, Art, and Creativity , 1975.
“The Universal Mind: The Evolution of
Machine Intelligence and Human Psychology”
Collective
Consciousness, Artificial Intelligence, Technological Singularity, Analytical
Psychology. There is the perception of being totally “one with the universe”,
or universal mind. There is also the perception of being totally omniscient
where one has access to all knowledge having a complete understanding of
everything. During this time one is also experiencing the feeling of total
love, acceptance and peace. This book examines the relationship of mind as
intelligence and consciousness to matter-energy and space-time. The concepts of
Universal Mind or Collective Unconsciousness are discussed and related to
physical phenomena such as the holographic distribution of information
throughout all of space and the universe. From the paintings of Salvador DalĂ to Carl Jung’s
Archetypes and his Red Book, and how they describe our collective subconscious,
to Machine Learning and Whole Genome Sequencing. The Universal Mind explores
the collective world consciousness, super-intelligence, machine intelligence
and the practical applications in engineering, medicine, law, and politics.
Non-Fiction. 537 Pages. Xiphias
Press 2013.
http://www.amazon.com/The-Universal-Mind-Intelligence-ebook/dp/B00BQ47APM/ref=sr_1_1?s=digital-text&ie=UTF8&qid=1362715321&sr=1-1
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